

In early pregnancy: Amniotic adhesions or bands→ amputation/death. Drug causes: Prostaglandin synthase inhibitor as NSAID. * Preterm premature rupture membranes Causes of oligohydramnios:Ĭauses of oligohydramnios: 2. Urethral obstruction (atresia/posterior urethral valve). Fetal causes: * Renal cause (57%): - Renal agenesis (Potter’s syndrome). Oligohydramnios: Defined as reduced amniotic fluid i.e.amniotic fluid index of 5 cm orless or the deepest vertical pool 25 cm or the deepest vertical pool of > 8 cm).it is a more sensitive indicator of AFV throughout pregnancy. It is a total of the DVPs in each four quadrants of the uterus. Objective assessment depends on U/S to measure: - deepest vertical pool (DVP).The normal range is wide but the approximate volumes are: - 500 ml at 18 weeks - 800 ml at 34 weeks.gradual ↑ up to 36 weeks toaround 600 to 1000 ml then↓ after that.

About 500 mls enter and leave the amniotic sac each hour.AF constituents: - urea, creatinine & uric acid + desquamated fetal cells, vernix, lanugo hair & others→ hypo-osmolar amniotic fluid….Reabsorption into maternal plasma (osmotic gradient). Secretion is controlled by: - Fetal swallowing at term removes 500ml/day.Fetal respiratory tract secretes 250ml/day into AF. From 20 weeks up to term (mainly - fetal urine): At 18th week, the fetus voids 7-14ml/day at term fetal kidneys secretes 600-700ml of urine/day into AF.* It is iso-osmolar with fetal & maternal plasma, though it is devoid of proteins.
#Amniotic fluid on pad skin
Transudation of fetal plasma through the fetal skin & umbilical cord (up to 20 weeks' gestation).

This can result in a slow leak of amniotic fluid. While it’s possible to break the water balloon, causing a strong gush of fluid (known as your water breaking), it’s also possible that a small hole could develop in the sac.

Think of your amniotic sac like a water balloon.
